PR - Nihilism Theory Research

From the perspective of ideological history, nihilism and market ideology are the core products of modernity.

origin:

At the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, Germany, then the Holy Roman Empire, was the first to give birth to nihilism in the modern sense. The introduction of enlightenment culture and the imminent launch of modernization projects have greatly impacted and questioned the traditional social order, culture, and value, and caused deep anxiety among people who adhere to this order, culture, and value. Nihilism was born out of this worry. In 1799, the conservative philosopher and writer Jacobi used the term “nihilismus” in the modern sense for the first time in a letter to the philosopher Fichte.

“以往的一切社会形式和国家形式、一切传统观念，都被当作不合理性的东西扔到垃圾堆里去了；到现在为止，世界所遵循的只是一些成见；过去的一切只值得怜悯和鄙视。

"All the past social and state forms, all traditional ideas, have been thrown into the garbage dump as unreasonable things; up to now, the world has followed only some prejudices; everything in the past is only worthy of mercy and despise.

——恩格斯, Engels

Nietzsche

Nihilism, in the context of Nietzsche, refers to the self-devaluation of the highest value.

As the foundation supporting the traditional value system collapsed, Nietzsche put forward the slogan of value revaluation. Hope to establish a new, truly noble, truly noble and healthy value through revaluation. Value reassessment will inevitably lead to a radical denial of past history, believing that past history is a history of pursuing false values. Value reassessment also corresponds to a historical reassessment: the idea of continuous progress is fictitious and must be replaced by the idea of eternal reincarnation. Value nihilism and historical nihilism are successive and in the same line.

Heidegger believes that the tradition of Western metaphysics is essentially the questioning of existence, not the questioning of existence, and existence itself has been forgotten. Heidegger believes that the final result of this forgetting of existence is nihilism. But Nietzsche only used the will to power as a new highest value, as a new highest existence, to strengthen metaphysics.

When we think of Seiendes (the being) as Sein (the being), nihilism occurs. Heidegger believes that the emergence of technology has brought nihilism to an extreme, because technology only presents things as standards (Maßstabe). Whether it is subjective or objective standards, the existence of things themselves cannot be detected (or "covered"). ), that is, forgotten (Seinsvergessenheit), so in essence, nihilism has not been overcome. The Latin nihil means nichts (nothingness) in German.

Turgenev "Father and Son"

Bazarov, the protagonist of "Father and Son", has a strong ability to act. Bazarov blindly pursued the modernization of Western Europe and radically implemented the Western Enlightenment culture. He wants to get rid of all Russian traditional values and traditional order, and negate all art and religion. As a result, he was denounced as a nihilist by the Russian aristocrat Pavel.